Shipping Glossaries

Term	Definition
ABC Analysis	ABC analysis is an inventory management method used to categorize inventory based on its importance. The ABC classification goes from A to C, with A being the most important and C being the least important.
AMS Filing	AMS stands for Automated Manifest System. AMS Filing is the process of submitting data to the AMS system to comply with U.S. Customs and Border Protection regulations. The data that must be submitted includes information about the shipment, the shipper, the consignee, and the commodity being shipped.
ASP	ASP stands for Application Service Provider. An ASP is a company that provides access to software and related services over the Internet. The security provided and the wide range of services are the critical ASP benefits.
ATA Carnet	The ATA Carnet is an international customs document that allows businesses to import temporarily and export goods for trade shows, conventions, and other commercial events without paying import duties or export taxes.
Account Payable	Accounts payable is a company’s financial obligation to pay money to another company or individual.
Account Receivable	The money owed to a business for products or services supplied to or utilized by a client but not yet paid for is known as accounts receivable. Account receivable, in essence, is any sum of money that consumers owe for goods they purchased on credit.
Actual Time of Arrival	The Actual Time of Arrival (ATA) is when a shipment arrives at its destination.
Actual Time of Departure	The Actual time of departure is when a shipment leaves its point of origin.
Advance Filing Rule	When calling or transiting through the ports of China and Japan, all carriers are required by the Advance Filing Rule to electronically file a complete description of the cargo on board their ship. Twenty-four hours before the ship’s departure from the port of origin or the port of loading, a detailed explanation must be submitted. Without the express consent of the customs officials, the ship cannot be unloaded in any other situation.
Advice Note	An advice note from a supplier is a document that informs a customer that the goods ordered have been dispatched. This document’s purpose is to update the client on the status of his order.
Air Cargo	Air cargo is a term used to describe the process of shipping goods by plane. Air cargo is a fast and convenient way to transport goods, but it can be expensive.
Air Freight	Air freight is a term used to describe the transportation of goods by airplane. Airfreight is used by businesses and individuals to transport goods worldwide.
Air Waybill	An air waybill serves as a receipt for goods shipped by air. The air waybill includes the name and address of the sender and receiver, description of the goods being transported, weight and dimensions of the cargo, name of the airline, flight number and date, and airport of departure and arrival.
Airline Terminal Fee	An airline terminal fee is a fee paid for all air shipments for handling the cargo.
All-Cargo Aircraft	An all-cargo aircraft is a plane used to transport only cargo, as opposed to a passenger plane carrying baggage and people.
Allocated Stock	An allocated stock is a stock assigned to a specific customer or purpose.
Animal Transport	An animal transport vehicle is designed to move live animals from one location to another. Transports may be land-based, such as trucks and trailers, or air-based, such as airplanesand helicopters. Some transports are specially designed to carry specific types of animals, while others can carry a variety of animals.
Application Service Provider	Application service provider (ASP) is a company that provides computer-based services to customers over a network. Services provided can include e-commerce, Web site hosting, and database management.
Articulated Lorry	An articulated lorry is a vehicle that is made up of two separate parts that are joined together by a hinge. This allows the lorry to make tight turns and maneuver in small spaces. Buses, trams, and trains are examples of articulated lorries.
Assemble to Order	Assemble to order is a manufacturing process in which a product is only assembled after receiving a customer order. This is, in contrast, to make-to-stock manufacturing, in which products are manufactured in advance and stored in inventory until a customer order is received.
Authorized Economic Operator	An Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) is a business that has been certified by the customs authority as being compliant with international standards for security and safety and which therefore enjoys certain benefits in terms of customs procedures.
Automatic Identification System	The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a shipboard Automatic Tracking System (ATS) mandated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for commercial vessels over 300 gross tons and all passenger vessels, regardless of size.
Automatic Small Parts Warehouse	An automatic small parts warehouse is a storage facility that holds small parts and components. These warehouses are typically used by manufacturing and assembly plants to store parts used in production.
Average Storage Period	The average storage period is the average time that inventories and capital are tied up in the warehouse. The average storage period shows how many consumption periods an average stock covers.
Back Freight	Back freight is a term used to describe the cost of shipping goods returned to the sender. This can happen when goods are damaged in transit or if the recipient is unsatisfied with the product and wants to return it. Back freight can also refer to the cost of shipping goods returned to a store because they were not sold.
Backhaul	A backhaul is transporting goods from one point to another along a return route. Since an empty backhaul is not profitable, most businesses will use this tactic to compete on transportation expenses.
Backorder	Backorders are items that are out of stock with the supplier but can be supplied by the manufacturer when the goods become available.
Balance of Trade	The balance of trade is the difference between the value of a country’s imports and exports over a period of time. A country has a trade surplus if its exports exceed its imports and a trade deficit if its imports exceed its exports.
Ballast	Ballast is a heavy material, such as sand, used to stabilize a vessel. Ballast is typically used in vessels that do not have cargo, as the weight of the ballast helps to keep the vesselstable. Ballast is usually placed under the water line, providing the vessel with the most stability.
Barcode	A barcode is a pattern of parallel lines with various widths and numbers that can be read by machines and printed on product packaging. Barcodes track inventory and can be scanned by a barcode reader to process a transaction.
Barge	A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, often used for carrying goods or passengers on canals and rivers that large vessels cannot go through.
Barter	Barter is an act of exchanging services or goods for other goods or any services without the use of money.
Batch Production	Batch production is a manufacturing process in which items are produced in small groups or “batches.” This type of production is often used when items are too complex or expensive to be produced individually.
Batch Tracing	Batch tracing is a method to track products back to their manufacturer, to special process or product characteristics or ingredients. This method is often used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical trade to protect consumers from possible defects or damaged products. In most cases, products are marked with a batch number to be easily traced.
Before Breaking Bulk	Before Breaking Bulk means that the freight must be paid for before the ship is allowed to leave port.
Benchmarking	Benchmarking is a method of comparing products, methods, and services of other similar businesses to ascertain gaps in the company’s performance.
Beneficial Cargo Owner (BCO)	A Beneficial Cargo Owner (BCO) is a company or individual who owns the cargo being shipped. The term is often used in maritime shipping, where the BCO is the party responsible for providing the shipping documentation and paying the freight charges.
Bill of Lading	A bill of lading is a legal document used to identify and track goods being shipped. The bill of lading contains information about the shipper, the recipient, and the goods being shipped.
Binding Tariff Information	Binding Tariff Information (BTI) is a customs ruling that classifies a product according to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS). The BTI ruling is binding on Customs and Border Protection (CBP) for five years unless the product’s classification changes.
Blind Shipment	A blind shipment is a shipment in which the sender does not reveal their identity to the recipient. The sender’s information is typically not included on the shipping labels or other documentation. This type of shipment is often used when the sender does not want the recipient to know who sent the shipment.
Block Pallet	A block pallet is a particular kind of pallet with nine solid wood blocks positioned in each of its four corners. Any four sides can be used to lift it using a forklift. It is significantly stronger and more durable than a stringer pallet.
Block Storage	Block storage is a warehouse where stackable cartons, boxes, pallets, or wired mesh pallets are piled directly on or next in groups without using shelves or other equipment. Due to its variability, the block storage system is inexpensive and changeable anytime. Additionally, inventory management is not too difficult.
Bogie	A bogie is a set of wheels fitted under a railcar or a locomotive. The bogie’s primary purpose is to support the railcar body and absorb vibrations on curved and straight rails to ensure stability and a smooth ride.
Bonded Goods	Bonded goods are those for which the applicable customs duty has not yet been paid; as a result, they are kept in warehouses under customs control until the relevant duty is paid.
Bonded Terminal	A warehouse or storage space designated by the customs administration to temporarily store imported goods is known as a bonded terminal. Until the customs duty is paid or the authorities clear the items, the commodities are detained in the terminal.
Bonded Warehouse	A bonded warehouse is a storage facility where imported goods are kept until duties are paid. Bonded warehouses are located in ports and are used by importers who do not want to pay duties on their goods immediately.
Booking	Booking is a service that allows customers to reserve goods, storage space, or services from various suppliers in advance. This can be useful for ensuring that you have the necessary resources for an upcoming event. The service also includes agreements on transport conditions such as price, time, and liability.
Booking Number	A booking number is a unique identifier assigned to a specific booking. This number can be used to track and manage the booking.
Box Body	A box body is a type of car body that resembles a closed box and has solid walls. Typically, the chassis and box body are securely fastened together. There are nevertheless also box bodies that can be removed. Swap bodies are names for bodies that are detachable. Depending on the intended function, there are various varieties of box bodies. Aluminum, plastic, or plain plywood can construct the box. The box bodies can be used in a wide range of applications.
Bracing	Bracing is securing cargo within a container or truck so that it does not shift during transport and prevents damage.
Branding	Branding is the process of creating a unique identity for a product or company. It involves using a name, slogan, logo, or other identifying factors to create a recognizable and distinguishable brand.
Break Bulk	Break bulk is a term used in the shipping industry to describe goods that are too large or awkward to load into containers. These items must be packed individually and often require special handling. Break bulk cargo can include things such as machinery, oil and gas equipment, vehicles, lumber, and paper products, which are known as Non-Containerized Cargo (NCC).
Broker	A broker is a person or firm that charges a fee or commission to bring together buyers and sellers.
Buffer Stock	A buffer stock is a stockpile of a commodity maintained as a reserve. The stockpile is used to ensure enough of the commodity to meet demand in case of a shortfall in production.
Bulk Cargo	Bulk cargo refers to goods that are transported in large, undivided quantities. This cargo is typically transported in special ships, trains, or other large vehicles.
Bulk Freight	Bulk freight is a shipment that includes large quantities of dry goods or liquids not packaged individually. Bulk freight is often transported in tanker trucks, tanker ships, or rail cars.
Bulk Shipping	Bulk transportation is the transportation of large quantities of goods at once, which are usually not packed but loaded directly. This can be done by truck, train, or ship. Bulk transport is often used for goods such as grain, coal, or oil.
Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF)	Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) is a surcharge assessed by ocean carriers on shippers to offset the cost of bunker fuel.
CEP	The acronym CEP stands for “Circular Error Probable.” CEP refers to postal and logistics companies that primarily transport consignments with comparatively low weight and volumes, such as letters, small packages, documents, or small items.
CMR	The CMR is an agreement that regulates road freight transport. The agreement was concluded in 1956 under the auspices of the UN, and all European states, some states in Central Asia and the Middle East, and two African countries have since joined the agreement. The CMR waybill is a document that must be used in order for the transport of goods to be regulated by the agreement. The waybill must include the date and place of completion, the name and address of the transport company and the consignee, a description of the goods and the packaging method used, the weight of the goods, and the charges related to the goods, and the information regarding dangerous goods.
CMR Waybill	A CMR waybill is carried out based on the CMR “Convention relative au contract de transport international de merchandises par route.” A CMR waybill is a document used for international transport. The driver and the shipper use document to save the shipment details, including the description of the goods, the origin and destination of the shipment, and the route is taken.
Cabotage	Cabotage is a maritime law term that refers to the right of a country to regulate the transportation of goods and passengers between two points within its borders. The term is typically used in the context of shipping and aviation.
Car Transport	Car transport is transporting a vehicle from one location to another using various methods, including sea, air, and land. The most common type of car transport is by road on an especially truck.
Cargo	Cargo refers to goods or products being transported from one place to another by water, air, or land. Cargo transport is mainly for commercial purposes for which the carrier issues an air waybill, bill of lading, or another receipt.
Cargo Insurance	Cargo insurance is insurance that covers goods in transit. It is a type of insurance that covers the loss of goods against possible losses and protects shipments from physical damage or theft that may occur during air, sea, or land transportation.
Cargo List	A cargo list is a list of the items being transported on a ship, plane, or other vehicle and shows the detailed number of goods to be unloaded at the port.
Cargo Retention Clauses	Cargo retention clauses are legal instruments that give charterers the right to deduct freight charges if their cargo is not in the same quantity described in the bill of lading.
Cargo Tracking Note	A cargo tracking note is a document used by freight forwarders and logistics companies to track cargo shipments. The tracking number is used to identify the shipment and its current location and includes information about the sender, recipient, and other details about the shipment.
Carriage Chargeable Weight	The carriage chargeable weight of a shipment is the total weight of the shipment, including the weight of the packaging. The transport costs of an order are calculated based on this information. When determining the freight rate, the forwarder calculates the theoretically optimal ratio of weight and volume (L x W x H) to utilize a means of transport fully. The weight subject to freight charges corresponds either to the weighing weight or the volume weight of a shipment. The higher is always taken as the basis for calculation.
Carriage Paid to (CPT)	Carriage paid to (CPT) is a commercial term used to indicate that the seller delivers the goods being sold to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s own expense and risk.
Carriage and Insurance Paid to (CIP)	Carriage and insurance paid to (CIP) is a term used in international trade that indicates who is responsible for paying the shipping and insurance costs associated with delivering goods to the buyer. The term is typically used when the buyer and seller are located in different countries.
Carrier	A carrier is a company that offers shipping services for goods or people.
Carrier Assets	Carrier assets are the physical resources that a carrier uses to provide services. These assets may include distribution network infrastructure, vehicles, special transport services, own gear, warehouses, and facilities.
Cartage	Cartage is the cost of shipping goods from one location to another by land.
Cartage Agent	A cartage agent is someone who arranges for the transportation of goods on behalf of their client.
Cash Against Documents (CAD)	Cash against documents is a payment method or tool used in international transactions between a seller and buyer, where the importer pays for the ordered goods before they are received.
Central Warehouse	A central warehouse is a storage facility within a warehouse management system that is part of a supply chain structure. Generally, the central warehouse is managed by retailers or a logistics service provider.
Certificate of Compliance	A certificate of compliance is a document that certifies that a product or system meets all the requirements of a given standards organization.
Certificate of Conformance	A certificate of conformance is a document that certifies that a product or service meets all the requirements of the relevant specification. It is usually issued by the manufacturer or supplier of the product or service.
Certificate of Conformity (CoC)	A certificate of conformity is a document that certifies that a product, system, or service meets the requirements of the regulation, specification, or standard. CoC is also called the Certificate of Compliance and the Certificate of Conformance.
Certificate of Origin	A certificate of origin is a document used in international trade that certifies the country of origin of the goods being shipped. The certificate of origin is typically used for goods shipped from one country to another and is subject to tariffs or other trade restrictions.
Channel Rack	A channel rack is a type of rack storage system that allows storing several units in a square or channel. This system comprises several flow lanes or slide-in channels arranged in a honeycomb pattern on top of each other and next to each other. The individual channel racks are served by a forklift truck.
Chaotic Storage	Chaotic storage is a type of storage where items are stored in a random or unorganized way. This can make it challenging to find items when needed and can lead to items being lost but leads to faster processing.
Charterer	A charterer is a person or company renting vehicles to transport goods from one location to another. The charterer may be the owner of the goods being transported or the owner’s representative.
Clean Bill of Lading	A clean bill of lading is a deed provided by the carrier to certify that the shipment was received undamaged and in good condition.
Clearance	Clearance is a statement indicating a shipment can enter the country freely when all legal criteria have been satisfied.
Closing	Closing or Estimated Time of Completion (ETC) is the completion time estimated for the tasks relating to loading or unloading goods.
Cockpit	A cockpit, also known as a driver’s cab, is a small enclosure or cabin in front of a vehicle where the pilot or driver sits and safely drives the plane or vehicle.
Code of Conduct	A code of conduct is a set of specific guidelines and rules outlining the expected behavior of members of an organization or a particular group, and it outlines the responsibilities and practices of the individual employee. These rules are typically designed to promote the organization’s core values and protect its members’ rights.
Coil Well	A coil well is a type of storage tank used to store liquids or gases in a tightly wound coil. These tanks are often used to store volatile or dangerous materials, as they can be securely sealed to prevent leaks.
Collector and Collection Request	A collector is a person who comes along as a client to collect the shipment directly from the shipper based on a collection request.
Combined Transportation	Combined transportation is the shipment of goods using two or more modes of transportation. This type of transportation is often used when goods need to be shipped over long distances, as it can be more efficient and cost-effective than a single mode of transportation.
Commercial Invoice	A commercial invoice is a contract and proof of sales between two parties in an international transaction that details the number of goods sold, the prices, and their value. It is an essential document when exporting or importing goods.
Commodity Code	A commodity code is a sequence of numbers used to identify products traded on the international market. The code tracks and records information about the product, such as its value, quantity, and destination. The code is also used to identify the product for customs purposes.
Community Transport	Community transport is any form of transport provided for the benefit of a community rather than for profit. This can include a wide range of transport services, from volunteer-run transport services to social enterprises providing low-cost transport.
Confirmation Order	A confirmation order is a document that serves as written confirmation of an agreement between a carrier and a shipper. The confirmation order proves that an order has been placed and accepted and serves as a binding agreement between the two parties. Without a confirmation order, it would be difficult to confirm the delivery of goods.
Consignee	A consignee is a party who is designated to receive goods that are being shipped. The consignee is typically the buyer of the goods but can also be the party who is responsible for paying freight charges.
Consignment Warehouse	A consignment warehouse is a storage facility where goods are stored on behalf of the consignee. The consignee is the party who owns the goods and is responsible for paying the storage fees. The consignment warehouse is responsible for safeguarding the goods and ensuring they are available for pick-up by the consignee when requested.
Consignor	A consignor is someone who sells items on behalf of another person or company. A consignor could be a seller or an exporter. This arrangement is often used when the consignor is more knowledgeable about the market for the item than the owner or when the owner does not have the time or resources to sell the item themselves. The consignor typically takes a percentage of the final sale price as their fee.
Consolidation	Consolidation is the process of combining several shipments into a single shipment to reduce shipping costs. This can be done by combining shipments from multiple suppliers into a single shipment or by consolidating multiple shipments from a single supplier into a single shipment. Shippers can reduce transportation costs, simplify logistics, and improve customer service by consolidating shipments.
Construction Transport	Construction transport refers to transporting construction materials, equipment, and workers to and from construction sites. Construction transport can be carried out by various means, including trucks, trains, buses, and helicopters. On a construction site, it is typically done when specific building supplies are urgently needed.
Container	A container is a metal box that is sealed, stiff, and reusable and is used to house goods that need to be transported by truck, ship, or rail. The container must be designed to carry items without requiring intermediary reloading, be built for repeated usage, and be simple to fill or empty. All containers must be built with fittings that can withstand any transit pressure that might be used during regular, continuous shipping.
Container Chassis	A container chassis is a device with wheels and other components that can be used to transport shipping containers. The chassis can be pulled by a truck or other vehicle and used to move containers from one location to another.
Container ID	The container ID is a unique identifier for a specific container. This is generally a 12-digit hexadecimal number assigned to a container by a carrier.
Container Load	A container load is a shipment that fills a container by weight or volume. Essentially, it refers to the number of goods that can be moved utilizing a typical shipping container.
Container Service Charge (CSC)	A Container Service Charge (CSC) is a fee charged by the container shipping company for the use of their containers. This fee covers the cost of maintenance and repairs, goods handling, unloading of the container, and crane service.
Container Transport	Container transport is a type of freight transport that involves the use of special containers to move goods by land, sea, or air. This type of transport is often used for international shipments, as it allows for goods to be securely packaged and transported without being damaged or lost.
Contraband	Contraband is any Cargo that is illegal to possess or transport and prohibited.
Contract Logistics	Contract logistics is a type of logistics service in which a company outsources its logistics operations to a third-party provider. The third-party provider oversees and manages all aspects of the company’s logistics operations, including transportation, warehousing, and customer service.
Contract Market	A contract market, defined as a registered exchange, is a trading venue that brings buyers and sellers together through an auction in which participants compete by offering prices and quantities they are willing to trade. Long-term contracts for complex logistics services are concluded there.
Contract Partner	A contract partner is a company or individual with whom you have a contractual relationship. This could be a supplier, customer, renter, borrower, lender, buyer, seller, or service provider. The contract partners can be located in different parts of the world and may have different legal systems.
Contract of Affreightment (COA)	A contract of Affreightment (COA) is a convention between a ship-owner and a carrier for the transportation of goods by a specific mode of transportation over a specified route for a specified time. The contract may be for the transportation of a single shipment or a series of freight—the ship-owner consents to transport a particular volume of cargo for the carrier over a specific timeframe.
Control Center	A control center is a tool to visualize current procedures, states, and situations of logistical processes. It is not a stand-alone system but rather an extension of an already existing system, like a warehouse management system. The control center is based on a data collector who takes information from the operative system’s database and stores it for further evaluation. It is configured by the user, who can define which key figures to display and evaluate.
Control Loop	A control loop is a process used to regulate a system automatically. It works by constantly comparing the system’s actual output to the desired result and then making adjustments to the system’s input to correct any discrepancies.
Conveying Aids	Conveying aids are devices that help to move goods from one place to another, making it easier to transport them and protecting goods during loading and unloading. They can include sacks, bags, cartons, storage boxes, conveyor belts, pulleys, and other similar devices.
Conveyor System	A conveyor system is a device that moves items from one location to another. Conveyor systems are used in various industries, including mining, warehouses, production units, and many other places.
Conveyor Technology	Conveyor technology is the process of moving goods from one location to another using a system of pulleys or rollers.
Corporate Logistics	Corporate logistics is a business field concerned with a company’s transportation, storage, and distribution of goods and materials. Corporate logistics’ goal is to organize efficiently, manage, carry out, and regulate the physical flow of commodities and the related flow of information along the company’s complete value chain.
Cost and Freight (CFR)	Cost and Freight (CFR) is a unique maritime shipping-only clause. CFR denotes that the seller arranges and finances the freight to a particular port and gives the purchaser the paperwork required to receive the goods. The products are considered fully loaded aboard a ship and approved for shipment, at which point the seller’s obligations are finished. Costs and hazards are transferred to the customer after the items are placed onto the vessel.
Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF)	Cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) is that the seller pays the cost of transporting the goods to the destination port and the cost of insuring the goods against possible damage in transit during transport. The buyer bornes the costs and risks of export from the port of destination to the final destination.
Country of Departure	The country of departure is the nation from which the goods or people are leaving. The country of origin is another name for the country of departure.
Country of Destination	The Country of Destination is the nation where the goods or people are moving to and where shipments will be offloaded.
Courier Service	A courier service is a person, postal, or logistics company that delivers messages or packages.
Crane	A crane is a piece of equipment that can lift and lower objects and move them horizontally. It is frequently furnished with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves. Cranes are typically used in the transport sector to load and unload cargo, in the building sector to move materials, and in manufacturing and heavy industry to assemble and transport large pieces of machinery.
Credit Assessment	Credit assessment, or credit check, analyzes a borrower’s ability to repay a loan. This includes looking at the borrower’s credit history, employment history, and current financial situation.
Credit Rating	A credit rating refers to a person’s creditworthiness. It is used by lenders, including banks and credit card companies, to determine whether to extend credit and at what interest rate. Business creditworthiness is based on cash flow, profitability, and equity ratio variables. The higher the credit rating and the more favorable the debt financing, the better these factors are. However, for people, creditworthiness is determined by bank statements, data from a national credit agency, and evidence of income.
Cross Docking	The Cross Docking process is a system where supplier’s products are distributed to customers with little to no storage time at the distribution terminal. This system is beneficial for warehouses processing perishable goods, as it helps to avoid delays.
Cross-coupling	Cross-coupling is a sort of goods handling in which the sender or supplier pre-commits the items’ delivery.
Cubic Capacity	A cubic capacity measures the amount of space an object or container takes up and is usually expressed in cubic units such as cubic centimeters or cubic meters.
Cubic out	Cubic out is When a shipping container is fully loaded in terms of volume but not fully loaded in terms of weight.
Customized Software	Customized software is a program specifically designed for a specific customer or group of customers. The customer provides input on what they need the software to do, and the software is then created to meet those needs.
Customs	Customs is the area at a port, airport, or border where government agents oversee the arrival of products, people, and other loads. The customs authorities of a country are responsible for enforcing the customs laws of that country. Customs laws protect the country’s economy, residents, and visitors by regulating the import and export of goods.
Customs Agent	A customs agent is a person who is authorized by a country’s customs authority to enforce its customs laws.
Customs Clearance	Customs is the government organization responsible for regulating the flow of goods, people, and vehicles in and out of a country. The customs clearance process is completing all the necessary paperwork and requirements with Customs to bring goods into a country legally.
Customs Declaration	A customs declaration is a document that lists the details of goods that are being imported or exported when crossing an international border. The declaration includes information such as the type and quantity of goods, the value of the goods, and the country of origin.
Customs Duty	Customs duty is a levy paid on goods imported into a country. The amount of duty varies depending on the value and imported goods. Customs duty is typically calculated as a percentage of the imported goods’ value.
Customs Entry	A customs entry is a document filed with a country’s customs authority declaring goods imported or exported. The customs entry form declares the value, quantity, and type of goods being shipped and other important information such as the importer’s and exporter’s contact information.
Customs Invoice	A customs invoice is a form used to declare the value of goods imported or exported. Customs officials use the invoice to determine the amount of duty owed on the goods.
Damage Protection Plan (DPP)	Damage Protection Plan is a company that rents out containers and offers an insurance policy to guard against damage to rented containers. Under this plan, the leasing business provides supplemental insurance for the rented container while it is under the customer’s care.
Damaged Goods	Damaged goods are items that have been injured somehow, usually during shipping or storage. Damaged goods may be returned to the sender for a refund, or they may be sold at a discount.
Dangerous Goods	Dangerous Goods are any items that may risk the safety of people, property, or the environment. They can be solids, liquids, or gases and can be found in many common household items. They require special labeling and packaging to transport.
Dangerous Goods Labelling	Dangerous goods labeling is a system that warns people of the risks of handling hazardous materials. The labels are usually brightly colored and feature a pictogram to indicate the type of hazard. They also include the proper precautions to take when handling the material.
Dashboard	A dashboard is a user interface that provides information to the person accessing it in a way that is easy to understand. Users can access all the information related to their transport, flow of goods, tracking, and digital documents.
Debt Collection	Debt collection is the method of pursuing payments of debts owed by people or businesses. Collection agencies typically collect overdue accounts on behalf of creditors and often use debt collectors to perform this task. In logistics, the phrase “debt collection” can also signify that items are only provided in exchange for monetary payment.
Declared Value	The Declared Value is the maximum liability the carrier will assume for loss or damage of your goods in case of a claim. It is important to note that the Declared Value is not insurance.
Declared Value for Carriage	The declared value for carriage is the value of your goods as declared by you for calculating any applicable charges like damage, loss, or delay.
Dedicated Contract Carriage	Dedicated contract carriage is a trucking service in which a carrier hauls freight for a single customer on a dedicated, long-term basis. This service is often used by companies that need to move large amounts of cargo regularly, such as manufacturers or retailers.
Degree of Readiness to Deliver	The degree of readiness to deliver is a metric that measures the percentage of orders that a company can fulfill immediately.
Delivered Duty Paid (DDP)	Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) is an Incoterm in which the seller is responsible for paying all customs duties and taxes and clearing the goods for import on behalf of the buyer. The seller must also ensure that the goods are delivered to the buyer’s door.
Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU)	Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) is an outdated rule now that means the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the buyer but is not responsible for paying any duties or taxes due on the shipment.
Delivered Ex Ship (DES)	Delivered ex ship (DES) is a trade term that indicates that the price for goods includes delivery to the named port of destination but does not include unloading from the vessel.
Delivered at Frontier (DAF)	Delivered at Frontier (DAF) is a pricing arrangement whereby the seller delivers the goods to the frontier of the buyer’s country. The buyer is responsible for transportation costs and customs duties from the boundary onwards.
Delivered at Place (DAP)	Delivered at Place (DAP) is an Incoterm that indicates that the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to a designated place, such as the buyer’s warehouse, office, or factory. The seller is also responsible for transportation costs, including import duties and taxes.
Delivered at Terminal (DAT)	Delivered at Terminal (DAT) is a pricing arrangement for the delivery of goods. Under a DAT agreement, the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the terminal at the destination port. The buyer is responsible for picking up the goods and paying all costs from that point.
E-commerce	E-commerce is the act of selling and buying services and goods online. E-commerce businesses typically use the internet to process orders and payments and manage customer relationships. They may also sell products and services through their websites or third-party marketplaces.
EDI	Electronic Data Interchange is what EDI stands for. It is the electronic exchange of data between two organizations or systems. Typically, EDI is used to send purchase orders, invoices, and other types of documents. EDI quickens order processing and responses to client orders instead of manually replying to customer orders via fax or email.
EDIFACT	EDIFACT is a standardized method of electronic data interchange amongst businesses. It is defined as “a set of internationally agreed standards, directories, and guidelines for the electronic interchange of structured data, between independent computerized information systems.”
EORI	EORI means Economic Operator Registration and Identification. It is a unique number assigned to businesses registered with customs in the European Union (EU). The number is used to track goods shipments and identify companies in customs declarations.
EPAL	EPAL is a pallet exchange system that allows companies to exchange empty pallets with other companies to reduce waste and increase efficiency. EPAL pallets are made of high-quality wood and are designed to last for years.
ERP System	ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. ERP system is a software application used to manage an organization’s day-to-day business activities. It covers various aspects like Finance, HR, Sales, Marketing, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, etc.
ERTMS	ERTMS means European Rail Traffic Management System. It is a set of standards for managing rail traffic in Europe, developed by the European Railway Agency.
EUR1 Certificate	An EUR1 Certificate is an official document that certifies that goods being exported to certain countries within the European Union (EU) originate from the UK or another country within the EU. This document is also known as a Movement Certificate EUR1.
Edscha Trailer	An Edscha Trailer is a semi-trailer used for transporting goods, and the bode is covered with a tarp. The tarp can be slid forward or backward like curtains at the side and the entire roof. This means that the truck can be loaded from the side and the top with cranes. The company produces a variety of trailers, including those for carrying livestock, construction materials, and other types of cargo.
Electric Pallet Truck	An electric pallet truck is a motorized hand truck used to move heavy loads on pallets. The electric pallet truck has a pallet jack used to lift and move the pallet. The electric pallet truck is powered by a battery, which makes it easy to move heavy loads.
Electric Stacker	An electric stacker is a powered industrial truck to lift and move heavy loads. Electric stackers are used in various settings, including warehouses, factories, and construction sites. These trucks are equipped with forks that allow them to lift and move pallets and other heavy loads.
Electronic Export Declaration	An electronic export declaration is a document required for exporting goods valued at more than 1000 euros to a non-EU country. The document provides information about the shipment to the Census Bureau and other government agencies.
Electronic Kanban	The electronic Kanban system is a decentralized control system that uses electronic technology based on the fetch principle. This system can aid in swiftly removing obstacles or bottlenecks. Containers (also known as Kanban containers) or Kanban cards are used in warehouses equipped with an electronic Kanban system to control the flow of materials. These Kanban cards function as a traditional product identification method and have the benefit of requiring the electronic data on the card (kanban) to be delivered to initiate the following delivery.
Electronic Product Code	An Electronic Product Code (EPC) is a particular identification number that tracks individual items throughout the supply chain from manufacture to sale. Each EPC consists of a 96-bit number encoded in a tag or label attached to the item. The EPC can be read by special RFID scanners and is used to track the item as it moves through the supply chain.
Empty Leg Journey	An empty leg journey occurs when the recipient is not found during the collection or delivery period, which makes the trip unsuccessful.
End-to-End Logistics	End-to-end logistics is managing the entire supply chain from start to finish. This includes everything from sourcing and procurement to transportation and distribution. The goal of end-to-end logistics is to optimize the flow of goods and information across the supply chain to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)	Enterprise application integration (EAI) is a software architecture that enables disparate applications within an organization to communicate with each other and share data. EAI provides a single, unified view of information that is distributed across multiple applications and systems. It is often used to improve the efficiency of business processes by eliminating the need for manual data entry and duplication.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)	Enterprise resource planning is a type of company management software that allows businesses to use a linked application system to manage the business and automate back office functions. ERP software typically integrates all aspects of an organization, including product planning, development, manufacturing, sales and marketing, financials, human resources, and more.
Entity, legal	A legal entity is any business or organization that has a legal existence. This can include corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies, and other businesses. A legal entity can also be a government entity or a non-profit organization.
Entry Summary Declaration	An entry summary declaration is a declaration made by an importer or exporter to the relevant customs authority, providing details of the goods being shipped. The declaration includes information such as the description, value, and quantity of the goods and the shipment’s origin and destination.
Environmental Protection	Environmental protection is preserving the natural environment by individuals, organizations, and governments. Its goals are to reduce human environmental impact and protect and restore natural habitats and ecosystems.
Equipment Interchange Receipt (EIR)	An Equipment Interchange Receipt (EIR) is paperwork that accompanies a piece of equipment when it is exchanged between two parties. The document includes information about the equipment, such as a description, serial number, and value. It also provides information about the exchange, such as the date, time, and location.
Estimated Price	An estimated price is a calculation of what the price of something is likely to be based on market conditions, previous sales, and other factors.
Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)	Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) is a term used to describe the anticipated time that a vehicle, ship, or plane will arrive at a specific destination.
Estimated Time of Completion (ETC)	The estimated time of completion (ETC) is a forecast of activities relating to the loading or unloading of goods to be completed.
Estimated Time of Departure (ETD)	Estimated Time of Departure (ETD) is the estimated time that a ship, aircraft, or other vehicles will leave a specified port or point of origin.
Estimated Time of Sailing (ETS)	The estimated time of sailing (ETS) is when a ship will leave port. ETS and ETD are equivalent since they show when a specific transport system departs from a station or port. ETD is used for all forms of transportation, but ETS is solely used for maritime transit.
Euro Pallets	A Euro pallet is a wooden pallet commonly used in Europe for shipping goods. Euro pallets are typically made of pine or spruce. Euro pallets are often used in conjunction with Euro containers, which are shipping containers designed to fit on top of a Euro pallet.
European Train Control System (ETCS)	The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a signaling and control component of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). It is a replacement for various legacy train control systems used throughout Europe. ETCS is designed to increase safety and efficiency on European railways by providing a single, interoperable train control system.
Europool Pallet	A Europool Pallet is a pallet that is used to transport goods within Europe. It is a standardized pallet that many European companies use.
Ex Works (EXW)	Ex Works (EXW) is a trade term indicating that the product seller is responsible for making the goods available at their premises. The buyer is responsible for arranging transportation away from the seller’s property and paying for the goods.
Expected Time of Arrival (ETA)	The Expected Time of Arrival (ETA) is the amount of time estimated to pass between the start of a journey and the arrival at the destination. This can be used to estimate how long a journey will take or to calculate when someone is likely to arrive at a given location.
Expected Time of Departure (ETD)	Expected Time of Departure (ETD) is the time at which a particular journey start .it has the same meaning as Estimated Time of Departure.
Export	Export refers to sending goods or services from one country to another. The term can also refer to taking goods or services from one country for sale in another.
Exporter	An exporter is a company that ships goods to customers in other countries. Exporters typically have a network of agents and distributors in the target market and work with shipping companies to get their products to customers.
Express Delivery	Express delivery is a type of shipping that guarantees delivery of a package within a certain number of days or hours. Some companies offer express delivery for an additional fee, while others include it as part of their standard shipping options. Express delivery is often used for time-sensitive items, such as food or medicine.
Express Freight	Express freight is a type of shipping in which goods are transported by air, rail, or road faster than usual. This type of freight is often used for goods that need to be delivered quickly.
Express Shipping	Express shipping is a type of shipping that guarantees your package will arrive at its destination within a certain amount of time. This kind of shipping is usually more expensive than standard shipping, but it is worth it if you need it to arrive quickly.
FIATA	The International Federation of Freight Forwarding and Similar Associations (FIATA), which is in French, means The International Federation of Freight Forwarding and Similar Associations is an international trade and transport facilitation organization. It is a non-governmental organization founded in Vienna, Austria, in 1926 and in it creates documentation and forms to build a global unified freight forwarding standard. Today it represents an industry covering approximately 40,000 freight forwarding and logistics firms in over 150 countries.
FIFO	First In-First Out (FIFO) is a process that specifies how the items are stored. The items that are initially stored are also taken out first. This is particularly crucial in the industry where the before date must be considered. A queue is another name for such a design.
Fast-moving Items	Fast-moving items are items that have a high turnover rate. This means that they are selling quickly and are being replaced frequently. Fast-moving items are usually in high demand and are considered to be essential items.
Feeder	A feeder is a small boat or barge that transfers goods to and from smaller ports and delivers them to a larger vessel for further transportation. Smaller vessels can more easily navigate through different ports and reduce the number of stops for the larger vessel, making the overall journey more efficient.
Fifth-Party Logistics (5PL)	A Fifth-Party Logistics provider (5PL) is a company that provides a comprehensive outsourcing solution for another company’s logistics needs. 5PLs are similar to Third-Party Logistics(3PL) providers, but they offer a more comprehensive and integrated approach to logistics management. 5PLs typically offer a wider range of logistics services than 3PLs, and they can often customize their services to meet the specific needs of their clients. 5PLs usually focus strongly on technology and information management, often using sophisticated systems to track and manage the logistics process.
Financial Loss	A financial loss is an economic damage that can occur during the shipping process. for example, when cash is not collected on delivery, when the supplier address is notified against the explicit instructions of the sender, or when the delivery period is exceeded.
Finished Goods	Finished goods are items that have successfully undergone or finished the production process but are not yet sold or dispersed to the final consumer.
First Party Logistics (1PL)	First-party logistics is a logistics outsourcing in which a company outsources its logistics operations to a logistics service provider that is part of the same company. The logistics service provider manages the company’s supply chain and provides logistics services such as transportation, warehousing, and order fulfillment.